Nephrology is
a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the study
of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems
and renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).
Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (such as diabetes and autoimmune
disease) and systemic problems that occur as a result of kidney problems
(such as renal osteodystrophy and hypertension) are also studied in
nephrology. A physician who has undertaken additional training to become an
expert in nephrology may call themselves a nephrologist or renal physician.